GERUND DAN INFINITIVE

1.  Pengertian.
Gerund adalah kata kerja yang diberi tambahan akhiran berupa -ing sehingga yang semula kata kerja menjadi kata benda sehingga bisa dijadikan subjek atau objek kalimat.
Contoh: Living in the big city make me dizzy all day.
Infinitive adalah bentuk dasar dari sebuah kata kerja. Dalam penggunaannya ia bisa menjadi subjek atau objek kalimat jika ditambah dengan “to”.
Contoh: To make you happy is my vision.

Gerund (verb+ing) dan infinitive (to+verb) sama-sama merupakan verbal yang dapat berfungsi sebagai noun. Yang menjadi permasalahan adalah kapan harus menggunakan gerund dan kapan harus menggunakan infinitive.

2.  Penggunaan Gerund dan Infinitive

Penjelasan mengenai penggunaan gerund dan infinitive beserta beberapa contohnya adalah sebagai berikut.

Fungsi Contoh Kalimat Gerund/Infinitive Subject of Sentence Keduanya dapat digunakan sebagai subject of a sentence. Walking on the beach may be fun. To walk on the beach may be fun. Subject comple ment Keduanya dapat digunakan sebagai subject complement, namun gerund lebih umum. My goal is winning the prize. My goal is to win the prize. Direct object (object of verb) Keduanya dapat digunakan sebagai direct object, namun ada ketentuan dalam penggunaannya. Beberapa verb hanya dapat menggunakan gerund, beberapa menggunakan infinitive, dan beberapa yang lain dapat menggunakan keduanya. Penjelasan lebih lengkap di bawah. The man likes climbing the mountain. The man likes to climb the mountain. Object of Preposition Gerund umum menjadi object of a preposition. Sedangkan pada infinitive, hanya beberapa preposition, antara lain: except dan but yang kadang-kadang diikuti infinitive. The woman read a book about cooking. You have no other option but to negotiate with you manager.

3.  Verb yang Diikuti Gerund/Infinitive

Beberapa verb hanya dapat menggunakan gerund, beberapa menggunakan infinitive, dan beberapa yang lain menggunakan keduanya dengan makna yang sama maupun berbeda. Penjelasannya adalah sebagai berikut.

Kondisi	Verb	Contoh Kalimat Gerund/Infinitive
Diikuti infinitive
tanpa tambahan agent	agree, appear, begin, care, choose, continue, decide, forget, happen, get, hate, learn, hope, like, love, plan, prefer, refuse, seem, start, try, wait, etc	She forgot to come.
butuh tambahan agent	advise, allow, choose, get, help, invite, teach, tell, etc	I told him to call you.
dapat ditambahkan agent (optional)	ask, beg, expect, need, prepare, promise, want, etc	I need to know the correct answers.
		I need you to know the correct answers.
tanpa “to”	feel, have, hear, help, watch, see, etc	She heard you pass the exam.
Diikuti gerund
tanpa tambahan agent	acknowledge, advise, appreaciate, avoid, begin, consider, continue, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy, finish, forget, hate, (cannot) help, prefer, recommend, regret, remember, start, stop, teach, understand, etc	She enjoys dancing.
butuh tambahan agent	hear, watch, see, etc	I saw you throwing the food.
Diikuti gerund/infinitive
tanpa perbedaan makna	begin, continue, hate, like, love, prefer, start, etc	I continue studying.
		I continue to study.
dengan perbedaan makna	forget, remember, stop, etc	She stopped eating chocolate. (Dia berhenti makan coklat)
		She stopped to eat chocolate. [Dia berhenti (melakukan kegiatan lain) untuk makan coklat]

Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2 (koreksi)

Choose one which is wrong from the four choices

1.         She has finish working in the laboratories, and now she began to write the result of her experiment.

        A            B                                                                       C              D

Jawaban : A -> has finished (present perfect = has + Verb3)

2.         No one would have attended the lecture if you told the truth about the guest speaker.

A                                             B           C                                    D

Jawaban : B -> if you had told (type 3) (past perfect)

3.         If Rudy would have studied German in college, he would have not found the scientific terminology

   A                                              B                                                             C

so  difficlut to undertand.

                       D

Jawaban : A -> had studied (type 3) (past perfect)

4.         Our Spanish professor would like us spending more time in the laboratory practicing our pronunciation.

      A       B                                              C                    D

Jawaban : B -> to spend (to infinitive)

5.         Marry usually arrives at the office at nine o’clock, but because the strom, she was two hours late.

A                    B                                                       C                                                D

Jawaban : C -> because of (Phrase)

6.         The director felt badly about not giving Mary the position that she has sought with his company.

          A                      B                                              C                    D

Jawaban :  A -> Kata yang benar adalah bad, bukan badly

7.         The president went fishing after he has finished with the conference.

A                          B                     C                   D

Jawaban : D -> had finish

8.         Where do you live now? I live in Utah, my parents also do.

     A       B                                C                                    D

Jawaban : D -> my parents do

9.         After she had bought himself and automobile, she sholder bicycle.

  A                B                                         C              D

Jawaban : B -> her self

10.      The next important question we have to decide is when we have to submitting the proposal.

A                                             B                                   C                  D

Jawaban : D -> to submit (to infinitive)

11.      George hasn’t completed the assignment yet, and Maria hasn’t either.

           A                                  B                    C                               D

Jawaban : C -> Karena sudah dinyatakan dengan hasn’t completed, jadi tidak perlu kata yet.

12.      After George had returned to his house, he was reading a book.

          A                     B               C           D

Jawaban : D -> read a book

13.      The manager has finished working on the report last night, and now she will begin to write the other

          A                   B                 C                                                                              D

proposal.

Jawaban : A -> finished

14.      After take the medication, the patient became drowsy and more manageable.

     A                   B                                        C                                         D

Jawaban : A -> taking

15.      Because Sam and Jack had done all the work theirselves, they were unwilling to give the result to Joana.

      A                                      B                                      C                                                     D

Jawaban : C -> themselves

16.      It was him who came running into the classroom with the news.

A           B       C                   D

Jawaban : B -> he

17.      If crisis would occur, those unfamiliar with the procedures would not know how to handle the situation.

A                        B                            C                                                                    D

Jawaban : A -> occurred (type 2)

18.      Anybody who plans to attend the meeting ought send a short note to the chairperson.

A                B                                           C                                   D

Jawaban : C -> ought to send

19.      Louise is the more capable of the three girls who have tried out for the part in the play.

A                             B                                       C                               D

Jawaban : A -> the most (superlative)

20.      Despite his smiling face, the second-place contestant is more sadder than the winner.

    A                  B                                            C                                     D

Jawaban : D -> tidak memerlukan kata more

21.      It has been a long time since we have talked, isn’t it?

A                  B                C                                       D

Jawaban : D -> hasn’t it, karena kata diawal kalimat menggunakan it has

22.      He is the only candidate who the faculty members voted not to retain on the list of eligible replacement

            A                        B                                                              C                                       D

fot Professor Kate.

Jawaban : B -> whom

Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

Choose one which is wrong from the four choices

1.         She has finish working in the laboratories, and now she began to write the result of her experiment.

        A            B                                                                       C              D

Jawaban : A Karena seharusnya adalah was finish bukan has finish

2.         No one would have attended the lecture if you told the truth about the guest speaker.

A                                             B           C                                    D

Jawaban : A Kalimat yang benar adalah have attend bukan have attended

3.         If Rudy would have studied German in college, he would have not found the scientific terminology

   A                                              B                                                             C

so  difficlut to undertand.

                       D

Jawaban : A Tidak perlu kata have pada kata would have studied

4.         Our Spanish professor would like us spending more time in the laboratory practicing our pronunciation.

      A       B                                              C                    D

Jawaban : D Kata practicing tidak cocok untuk melanjutkan kalimat diatas.

5.         Marry usually arrives at the office at nine o’clock, but because the strom, she was two hours late.

A                    B                                                       C                                                D

Jawaban : D Kata keterangan waktu tersebut seharusnya berada dibelakang kalimat

6.         The director felt badly about not giving Mary the position that she has sought with his company.

          A                      B                                              C                    D

Jawaban :  A Kata yang benar adalah bad, bukan badly

7.         The president went fishing after he has finished with the conference.

A                          B                     C                   D

Jawaban : B Kata yang benar adalah afther he finished, tidak perlu kata has

8.         Where do you live now? I live in Utah, my parents also do.

     A       B                                C                                    D

Jawaban : D Karena seharusnya my parents too

9.         After she had bought himself and automobile, she sholder bicycle.

  A                B                                         C              D

Jawaban : D Bukan merupakan kata yang tepat

10.      The next important question we have to decide is when we have to submitting the proposal.

A                                             B                                   C                  D

Jawaban : D Karena tidak memerlukan verb-ing untuk kata kerja yg tidak sedang dilakukan

11.      George hasn’t completed the assignment yet, and Maria hasn’t either.

           A                                  B                    C                               D

Jawaban : C Karena sudah dinyatakan dengan hasn’t completed, jadi tidak perlu kata yet.

12.      After George had returned to his house, he was reading a book.

          A                     B               C           D

Jawaban : D Karena kata yang benar adalah wa read bukan was reading

13.      The manager has finished working on the report last night, and now she will begin to write the other

          A                   B                 C                                                                              D

proposal.

Jawaban : B Karena sudah terdapat verb di depannya

14.      After take the medication, the patient became drowsy and more manageable.

     A                   B                                        C                                         D

Jawaban : B Harusya adalah medicine bukan medication

15.      Because Sam and Jack had done all the work theirselves, they were unwilling to give the result to Joana.

      A                                      B                                      C                                                     D

Jawaban : B Kata yang tepat adalah have done bukan had done

16.      It was him who came running into the classroom with the news.

A           B       C                   D

Jawaban : D Verb yang digunakan harusnya bukan verb-ing

17.      If crisis would occur, those unfamiliar with the procedures would not know how to handle the situation.

A                        B                            C                                                                    D

Jawaban : C

18.      Anybody who plans to attend the meeting ought send a short note to the chairperson.

A                B                                           C                                   D

Jawaban : A Karena didahului kata pengganti who, maka tidak butuh

19.      Louise is the more capable of the three girls who have tried out for the part in the play.

A                             B                                       C                               D

Jawaban : A Karena tidak memerlukan kata the.

20.      Despite his smiling face, the second-place contestant is more sadder than the winner.

    A                  B                                            C                                     D

Jawaban : D Karena kata perbandingan sadder tidak memerlukan kata more.

21.      It has been a long time since we have talked, isn’t it?

A                  B                C                                       D

Jawaban : D Karena kata diawal kalimat menggunakan it has, bukan it is.

22.      He is the only candidate who the faculty members voted not to retain on the list of eligible replacement

            A                        B                                                              C                                       D

fot Professor Kate.

Jawaban : B Harusnya menggunakan kata that atau which